Mr. Arnold - Andrew Jackson's Policy on Indian Removal [tekst, tłumaczenie i interpretacja piosenki]

President Jackson’s Policy of Indian Removal
Lesson 4

I. DO NOW: (1) Analyze this series of maps. (2) Answer the questions

Congress passed a law renewing the bank’s charter, but President Jackson vetoed it because of everything EXCEPT:

(a) the national bank kept all of the money it had
(b) the national bank was unconstitutional – the Constitution says that only the federal government could regulate currency
(c) the national bank encouraged speculation that caused panics and depressions
(d) the national bank oppressed the poor while making rich financiers even wealthier

1. Which group of people made-up almost 100% of America’s population in 1492?

2. Who arrived on the island of San Salvador (off the coast of Florida) in 1492?

3. What does the black shading represent on each map? What does the white represent on each map? (1-2 sentences)

4. What is this series of maps trying to show? (2 sentences)

5. What would be an appropriate title for this series of maps?

6. How does this series of maps relate to westward expansion? (2 sentences)

7. How does this series of maps relate to the title of today’s lesson: “President Jackson’s Policy of Indian Removal”? (1-2 sentences)



III. Walk in their Shoes – Read the passage. Answer the question



8. How do you feel about being taken away from your home? (2 sentences)

Consider reasons to feel ANGRY:
– you’re being forcefully moved against your will from land your people have a right to live on

Consider reasons to feel SAD:
– you’ll miss your home and school
– you’ll likely be separated from people you love



Native Americans had been living in advanced societies throughout America for tens of thousands of years. However, President Jackson and other American politicians wanted to continue America’s expansion westward. To do so the U.S. government removed Native Americans from western land so that American farmers could settle there. Jackson pressured Congress to pass the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which allowed the federal government to forcefully move Native Americans living east of the Mississippi River to lands in the farther West

9. Explain: Why did President Jackson and other American leaders want to remove Native Americans from western land? (1-2 sentences)

Congress then established “Indian Territory” – U.S. lands in modern-day Oklahoma – and planned to move Native Americans there. Supporters of this plan, such as John C. Calhoun, argued that forcefully removing Native Americans to Indian Territory would protect Native Americans from further conflicts with American settlers. “One of the greatest evils they experience is the constant pressure of our population,” he noted. “To guard against this evil

There should be the strongest assurance [guarantee] that the country [‘Indian Territory’] given to them should be theirs.”
10. Evaluate: What is hypocritical about John C. Calhoun’s statement above? Explain. (2 sentences)


To deal with the forced relocation of Native Americans to western lands, Jackson created a new government agency called the Bureau of Indian Affairs
The Choctaw were the first Native Americans forcefully moved to “Indian Territory.” The Mississippi legislature abolished the Choctaw government and then forced the Choctaw leaders to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. This treaty gave more than 7.5 million acres of their land to the state of Mississippi. The U.S. government forcefully moved Choctaw the “Indian Territory” during winter. Federal officials did not provide enough food or supplies to the Choctaw. Most of Choctaw died of cold, disease, or starvation

11. Evaluate: What is the paragraph above mainly about? What is one relevant detail that directly support this main idea? (2 sentences)


12. Infer: Look at the placement of the giant eagle in the background of this painting. What does this eagle symbolize or represent? Explain. (2 sentences)

News of the terrible journey and the high number of Choctaw deaths caused other Native Americans to resist removal. When the Creek resisted in 1836, federal troops moved in and captured more than 14,500 Native Americans. The U.S. Army led the Creek, many in chains, to the “Indian Territory.” One Creek woman remembered how the forced relocation was filled with “an awful silence of heartache and sorrow at being taken from our homes and separation from our loved ones.” The Chickasaw, who lived in upper Mississippi, negotiated a treaty for better supplies during the forced removal. Still, many Chickasaw died on the walk

Many Cherokee believed that they could prevent conflicts and avoid removal by adopting the contemporary culture of white people. In the early 1800s Native Americans invited missionaries to set up schools where Cherokee children learned how to read and write in English. The Cherokee developed their own government modeled after the U.S. Constitution with an election system, a bicameral (two-house) council, and a court system. A principal chief led all of these. A Cherokee named Sequoya used 86 characters to create a writing system for his tribe’s own complex language. In 1828 the Cherokee began publishing a newspaper printed in both English and Cherokee
Yet, adopting some aspects of white culture did not protect the Cherokee. After gold was discovered on their land in Georgia, the Cherokee’s treaty rights were ignored. Georgia’s leaders began preparing for the Cherokee’s forced removal

13. Analyze: Why did the adoption of some aspects of white culture not protect the Cherokee from removal? (1-2 sentences)

When the Cherokee refused to move, the Georgia militia attacked Cherokee towns, killing innocent men, women, and children. Instead of using violence, the Cherokee sued the state of Georgia. The Cherokee argued that they were an independent nation and claimed that the government of Georgia had no legal power over their lands

14. Summarize: How did the Cherokee resist removal from their land? (1-2 sentences)

In 1832 the Supreme Court agreed. Led by Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme Court decided in the case, Worcester v. Georgia, that the Cherokee nation was its own independent community. The laws of Georgia did not apply to the Cherokee nation, and therefore, Georgia no authority to remove the Cherokee from their land. The Court also stated that only the federal government, not the states, had authority over Native Americans
Georgia and President Jackson ignored the Court’s ruling. “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it,” Jackson said. By not enforcing the Court’s decision, Jackson violated his presidential oath to uphold the laws of the land. Meanwhile, most members of Congress and most American citizens supported Jackson’s policy of forcefully removing Native Americans from western lands

15. Explain: What did the Supreme Court decide in Worcester v. Georgia ruling? What was President Jackson’s response? (2-3 sentences)

16. Infer: Why did most Americans likely support Jackson’s policy of forcefully removing Native Americans from western lands? Explain. (2 sentences)

In 1838, U.S. troops began to remove all Cherokee to the “Indian Territory.” Only a few Native Americans were able to escape and hide in the mountains of North Carolina. After the Cherokee were removed, Georgia took over or destroyed all Cherokee businesses, farms, and property
The U.S. government forced 18,000 Cherokee Native Americans to walk 800 miles from Georgia to the “Indian Territory.” This march became known as the Trail of Tears. During the march, the Cherokee encountered harsh weather and suffered from disease, hunger, and thirst. More than 4,500 Cherokee died

17. Analyze: How does this painting portray the Trail of Tears? (2 sentences)


EXIT TICKET


1. What action did the U.S. government take towards Native Americans from 1820 to 1840?
(a) paying Native American Indians a fair price for their land
(b) passing a law giving all Native American Indians United States citizenship
(c) encouraging Native American Indians to take jobs in factories
(d) removing Native American from their tribal lands and placing them on reservations


2. What action did the Cherokee take to resist their removal from Georgia and North Carolina to the West?
(a) sued the state of Georgia in the courts
(b) destroyed neighbors’ farms and businesses
(c) went to war against the U.S. government
(d) staged a protest called the Trail of Tears

3. The ruling in the Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia
(a) established the policy of Indian removal
(b) determined that Georgia laws did not apply to the Cherokee
(c) was enforced by President Andrew Jackson
(d) established protective tariffs for imported goods